Frank g



(No Model.)

I 1. G. JOHNSON. COOLING AND REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

No. 322,826. Patented July 21, 1885.

OOGGOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQ O O O UNITED STATES FRANK G. JOHNSON, OF NEW YORK,N. Y.

COOLING AND REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part; of Letters Patent No. 322,826, dated July21, 1885.

Application filed May 1, 1885.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK G. JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a newand useful Improvement in Cooling and Refrigerating Apparatuses, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the manner of providingartificial refrigeration for family and other uses where ice is usuallyemployed for cooling; and it consists of a simple device whereby thecold is produced by the escape and expansion of previously .condensedair within detached portable compressed-air receivers, the saidreceivers while the air is escaping and expanding being deposited withinthe receptacle wherein the refrigeration is to be performed, as willmore fully appear by reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 represents the detached portable com pressed-air receiverfilled with highly compressed air, preferably compressed atmosphericair; and Fig. 2, a view of an ordinary double-walled box, such as isusually termed a refrigerator or ice-box, showing one of the detachedportable compressed-air receivers highly charged with compressed airwithin the upper compartment thereof, where, in such boxes, is usuallydeposited the ice.

Similar letters refer to similar parts.

The objects of my-invention are, first, to provide artificialrefrigeration for family and other uses, for the preservation of fruits,vegetables, meats, milk, beer, 850., as also for the temporarypreservation of corpses, by the employment of dry cold air instead ofmoist cold' airin other words, to provide practical artificialrefrigeration for the above-mentioned and other uses without theemployment of ice, and so to obviate the many objections which areunavoidably attendant upon the use of ice for such purposes second, torender refrigeration for such purposes cheaper, more convenient, andmore heathful; third, to render it practicably possible to obtain forsuch and other uses a greater degree of refrigeration than is possibleby the employment of ice alone, it being practical by my invention, asascertained by experiment, to reduce the temperature in an ordinaryso-called refrigerator down to zero, while by the use of (No model.)

ice alone in the same so-called refrigerators it is practical to reducethe temperature down to only about 40 above zero. The manner and meanswhereby I attain these objects are clearly described as follows: 1

C, Fig. 1, is a strong metallic cylinder, to be made of various sizes tosuit various uses, which I term the detached portable condensed-airreceiver, which, by means of a suitable air-compressing engine, isfilled with highly-compressed atmospheric air. \Vhen so filled it isdetached from the lcompressorengine, and allowed to stand until all theliberated latent heat, which is set free by compression of the air,passes off by radiation, when it will be ready for use. This detachedportable compressed-air receiver 0, thus charged and cooled down to thetemperature of the surrounding open air, is now placed within thedouble-walled box A, or any other suitable refrigerating-receptaclewhere the refrigeration is required; a portion, A, of the walls of thebox A, as shown in the drawings, being cut away to show the position ofthe receiver 0; the preferable position of the receiver 0 within the boxA being, as shown, at the upper part, where, in such boxes, the ice isusually deposited, for the reason that cold air will settle down intothe lower compartment, D, where is placed the various articles to bepreserved. The charged receiver 0 being thus placed within the interiorof the refrigerating-receptacle wherein the refrigeration is to beproduced, it is only necessary now to partially open the escape cock orfaucet c, and thus allow the compressed air to gradually flow out of thereceiver into and expand within the refrigeratingreceptacle A, thecovers of the same to be shut down as soon as the cock 0 is opened.

In Fig. 2, d d represent a tray or platform placed in the uppercompartment of the receptacle A upon which to rest the receiver 0.

Having thus described the several parts of my device and their relationto each other, I will now explain the operation of my invention, whichis as follows: As the compressed air within the detached portablecompressedair receiver flows out through the cock 0 it expands withinthe refrigerating-receptacle A, and by thus expanding becomes capable ofabsorbing and does absorb the free heat of the air therein contained,thus reducing the temperature of the air and everything contained withinthe said receptacle. When the receiver O is exhausted, it is replaced byan- 5 other freshly charged,

The object of placing the receiver within the refrigerating-receptaclewhere it is desired to have the refrigeration take place, instead ofplacing it outside of the same and connecting the two together by meansof a pipe through which to pass the compressed air from the receiverinto the interior of the said receptacle, as set forth in my applicationforv Letters Patent filed March 23, 1885, and numbered 159,7 4.4, whichapplication was allowed April 2', 1885, is that, by experiment, it isfound that while the compressed air is flowing out of the receiver veryintense cold takes, place within the receiver itself, causing theoutside of it to be covered with frost, and reducing the temperatureupon its outer surfacedown to zero; hence, by placing the receiver 0within instead of outside of the refrigerating-receptacle A this veryintense cold produced within the receiver is economized, and made to aidin reducing the temperature within the receptacle A, instead of beingallowed to go to waste in the open air.

I am aware th at the expansion of compressed air has been employed forreducing temperature when allowed to pass directly from the compressorto the apartment to be cooled, in which case the compressed air must befirst and immediately cooled by cold water or other 5 artificial meansbefore it can be used for refrigeration.

I am also aware that in my own application for Letters Patent, abovereferred to,.I have claimed the use of portable compressed-air receiversin combination with so-called iceboxes, burial-caskets, &c., in whichsaid application, as set forth in the specification thereof, theportable condensed -air receiver is placed outside of the receptaclewherein the refrigeration is to take place, and the receiver and theso-called refrigerators are attached together by a pipe, through whichthe compressed air passes from the receiver into the receptacle to becooled. Therefore I do not claim, broadly, the reduction of temperatureby the expansion of compressed air irrespective of the method employed;nor do I claim, broadly, the reduction of temperature by the expansionof compressed air when the method employed consists of the use ofportable condensed-air receivers placed or standing outside of thereceptacle wherein the refrigeration is to take place and the two areconnected by passage-ways or pipes; but

What I do claim as new and useful, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is-

For artificial refrigeration for the preservation of perishablearticles, the combination of the refrigerating-receptacle A and the detached portable compressed-air receiver 0, charged with compressed air,by simply placing the said charged receiver 0 within the saidrefrigerating-receptacle A, substantially in the manner and for thepurposes set forth.

FRANK G. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

0. B. HARRIS, JNO. J. MALMAS.

